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Xamarin.UITest is a C# testing framework using NUnit for UI Acceptance Tests on iOS and Android apps. It integrates tightly with Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android projects, but it can also be used with native iOS and Android projects. Xamarin.UITest is the Automation Library that allows the NUnit tests to execute on Android and iOS devices. The tests interact with the user interface as a user would: entering text, tapping buttons, and gestures - such as swipes.

Typically, each Xamarin.UITest is written as a method that's referred to as a [Test]. The class that contains the test is known as a [TestFixture]. The test fixture contains a single test or group of tests. The fixture is also responsible for setup to make the test run and cleanup that needs to be done when the test finishes. Each test should follow the Arrange-Act-Assert pattern:

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Arrange: The test will set up conditions and initialize things so that the test can be actioned.
Act: The test will interact with the application, enter text, pushing buttons, and so on.
Assert: The test examines the results of the actions run in the Act step to determine correctness. For example, the application may verify that a particular error message is displayed.

The best time to get started with Xamarin.UITest is during the development of a mobile application. Automated tests are written as a feature is being developed according to the steps described in the following list:

Develop the feature in the Android or iOS application.
Write the tests and run them locally to verify functionality.
Create a new Test Run in App Center Test, or use an existing Test Run.
Compile the IPA or APK and then upload it along with the tests to App Center Test.
Fix any issues or bugs that are exposed by App Center Test.
Repeat the process by moving on to the next feature for the application.

For existing applications that are no longer under active development it may not be cost-effective to retroactively add automated tests. Instead, a better approach is to use Xamarin.UITest when fixing bugs. For example, consider an application that has no automated testing, and a user reports a bug. A developer assigned to fix that bug might take some (or all) of the following actions:

Verify the bug or the regression manually.
Write a test using Xamarin.UITest that demonstrates the bug.
Submit the test to App Center test to gain some insight on the scope and impact of the bug on relevant devices.
Fix the bug.
Prove that the bug has been fixed with a passing Xamarin.UITest.
Submit the fixes and test to App Center Test to verify that the bug has been fixed on the relevant devices.
Check the passing tests into version control.

Automated UI testing relies heavily on locating and interacting with views on the screen. Xamarin.UITest addresses this requirement with two important sets of APIs that work with each other:

Actions that can be done on views - Xamarin.UITest provides APIs that allow a test to simulate common user actions such as tapping on the view, entering text, or swiping on the view.
Queries to locate views on the screen - Part of the Xamarin.UITest framework are APIs that will locate the views on a screen. Queries locate views at run time by inspecting attributes for the view and returning an object that the actions may work upon. Querying in such a manner is a powerful technique that allows tests to be written for user interfaces whatever the screen size, orientation, or layout

To help with writing tests, Xamarin.UITest provides a read-eval-print-loop (REPL). The REPL allows developers and testers to interact with a screen while the application is running and simplifies creating the queries.

Introducing the Xamarin.UITest API

All test interactions with the mobile application occur through an instance of Xamarin.UITest.IApp. This interface defines the methods that are crucial for the test to collaborate with the application and interact with the user interface. There are two concrete implementations of this interface:

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Xamarin.UITest.iOS.iOSApp This class will automate tests against iOS.
Xamarin.UITest.Android.AndroidApp This class is for automating tests on Android.

iOSApp and AndroidApp objects aren't instantiated directly. Instead, they're created using the helper ConfigureApp class. This class is a builder that ensures that the iOSApp or AndroidApp is properly instantiated.

We recommend using a new IApp instance for each test. A new instance prevents the state from one test spilling over into another. There are two places where an NUnit test could initialize an instance of IApp:

In the SetUp method Typically, a test fixture is a logical grouping of related tests, each of them running independent of the other. In this scenario, the IApp should be initialized in the SetUp method, ensuring that a new IApp is available for each test.
In the TestFixtureSetup method In some situations a single test may require its own test fixture. In this case, it may make more sense to initialize the IApp object once in the TestFixtureSetup method.

Once IApp has been configured, a test may begin to interact with the application being tested. To do so, it's necessary to obtain references to the views that are visible on the screen. Many methods in Xamarin.UITest take a Func<AppQuery, AppQuery> parameter to locate the views. For example, the following snippet shows how to tap on a button:

There are two implementations of the IApp interface within the Xamarin.UITest framework, one for iOS and one for Android.

Initialize IApp for iOS Applications

When Xamarin.UITest runs a test on iOS, it starts up an instance of the iOS simulator, deploys the application, launches it, and begins running the tests. The iOS application must already be built. Xamarin.UITest won't compile the application and create the App Bundle for you.

The AppBundle method can be used to specify where on the file system the app bundle may be found. There are two ways to do so, with an absolute path, or a relative path. This snippet shows using an absolute path to the app bundle:

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Partial paths must be relative to the Xamarin.UITest assembly. This snippet is an example:

The relative path example tells AppBundle to go up three directories from the Xamarin.UITest assembly, and then navigate down the project tree of the iOS application project to find the app bundle.

ConfigureApp does have other methods to help configure IApp. See the iOSAppConfigurator class for more details. Some of the more interesting methods are described in the following table:

Method	Description
`AppBundle`	This m